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Item Cytological Studies of Basidiospores of Melampsora lini(Microbiology Society, 1973-03-01) Kapooria, Ram GopalMicrobiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.Item Stratified Sampling of Neighborhood Sections for Population Estimation: A Case Study of Bo City, Sierra Leone(Public Library of Science, 2015-07-15) Hillson, RogerThere is a need for better estimators of population size in places that have undergone rapid growth and where collection of census data is difficult. We explored simulated estimates of urban population based on survey data from Bo, Sierra Leone, using two approaches: (1) stratified sampling from across 20 neighborhoods and (2) stratified single-stage cluster sampling of only four randomly-sampled neighborhoods. The stratification variables evaluated were (a) occupants per individual residence, (b) occupants per neighborhood, and (c) residential structures per neighborhood. For method (1), stratification variable (a) yielded the most accurate re-estimate of the current total population. Stratification variable (c), which can be estimated from aerial photography and zoning type verification, and variable (b), which could be ascertained by surveying a limited number of households, increased the accuracy of method (2). Small household-level surveys with appropriate sampling methods can yield reasonably accurate estimations of urban populations.Item A new selective and differential agar medium for Escherichia coli and coliform organisms(Wiley, 1984-06-01) Wright, R. C.W right , R.C. 1984. A new selective and differential agar medium for Escherichia coli and coliform organisms. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 56 , 381–388. An enriched lauryl sulphate‐aniline blue agar medium which is selective for Escherichia coli and coliform organisms is described. From faecal samples, the medium gave higher counts of colonies producing acid from lactose than media containing bile salts. From contaminated water and food samples, the medium gave comparable or higher counts of colonies identified as E. coli than standard media. Colonies of E. coli were more readily differentiated from those of other coliform organisms.Item Reevaluating HLA-A2-restricted Lassa epitopes in human Lassa fever survivors(American Association of Immunologists, 2020-05-01) Sullivan, Brian MartinMany factors contribute to the selection of epitope-specific T cells. Often, candidate epitopes are generated through in silico prediction of various biological processes, mainly peptide generation and MHC binding, that are then tested in relevant biological assays. This is especially true of epitopes derived from BSL-4 pathogens or where relevant patient samples are difficult to obtain. Two previous studies identified CD8+ T cell epitopes from the Lassa virus glycoprotein through in silico prediction, experimental MHC binding assays, and epitope generation in HLA-A2 transgenic mice. Using samples from ten HLA-A\*02:01 Lassa fever survivors, we tested whether these previously described epitope-specific CD8+ T cells were present and their relation to the broader Lassa virus-specific T cell response. Using overnight stimulation assays, we detected robust LASV-specific responses to the glycoprotein and nucleoprotein, but only one of the three epitopes (GP60–68)shown to be present and protective in mice made a substantial contribution to the overall LASV-specific response. Using a more sensitive proliferation assay, we detected the remaining two epitopes in some individuals at a very low frequency. Overall, this study shows the limitations of epitope discovery through in silico prediction, MHC binding and transgenic mouse models and highlights the complex nature of T cell selection during natural infection of humans.Item Determinants of Variation in Tropical Forest Primate Biomass: New Evidence from West Africa(Wiley, 1990-02-01) Oates, John F.To explore sources of variation in tropical forest primate biomass, and, in particular, to test the hypothesis that soil conditions are a major ultimate determinant of the biomass of colobine monkeys and other primates, we compared data on the soils, vegetation, and primate community at a site in West Africa (Tiwai Island, Sierra Leone) with information from other sites, especially two other African sites (Douala—Edea in Cameroon, and Kibale Forest in Uganda). The biomass of eight anthropoid primate species in old secondary high forest on Tiwai was estimated from data on population densities assessed by transect samples combined with data on social group densities and individual body masses. Samples of soil and tree foliage were collected at the same site, and subjected to a variety of chemical and mechanical analyses. Our estimate of anthropoid biomass at Tiwai is 1229—1529 kg/km2, including 682—889 kg/km2 of colobines. This is one of the highest primate biomasses recorded anywhere. The soils at Tiwai were found to be relatively high in sand content and low in pH, and to have low levels of mineral nutrients. Levels of condensed tannins in the mature foliage of the trees comprising a major part of the forest canopy were higher than at other sites, but the ratio of protein to fiber in this foliage was also higher than at any other site except Kibale. It is argued that a wide range of environmental factors affect primate population densities, and that nutrient—poor soils and high tannin levels in tree foliage do not necessarily produce a low primate (or colobine) biomass, as some earlier studies had suggested. Furthermore, seeds (an important food source for Tiwai colobines) are apparently a common part of the colobine dietary repertoire and are not consumed largely as a response to a scarcity of digestible foliage.Item Reduction of alpha beta unsaturated ketones with lithium aluminium hydride—aluminium chloride.(Elsevier BV, 1975) Williams, Hugh J.Item Handbook of plant and crop physiology(Elsevier BV, 1995-10-01) Sesay, Abu Dim DinItem Morphological Variability in Teliospores of Puccinia penniseti(Microbiology Society, 1973-08-01) Kapooria, Ram GopalSUMMARY: Pure-line isolates of Puccinia penniseti Zimm. collected from various localities were induced to develop telia by growing infected plants of Pennisetum typhoides Stapf and Hubb. Telia developed not only normal two-celled teliospores but also occasionally one- and three-celled and rarely four- and five-celled teliospores. The shape and size of teliospores varied considerably in one-, two- and three-celled teliospores. Three morphological forms of Puccinia penniseti have been distinguished on the basis of this variability.Item Mycological contamination of Ogiri (fermented sesame seeds) during production in Sierra Leone(Springer Science+Business Media, 1990-05-01) Jonsyn-Ellis, Felixtina E.'Ogiri' (fermented sesame seeds) was prepared in the laboratory and at home by selected participants. No fungal participation was observed during the normal fermentation process. However, fungal contamination was observed when improper handling techniques were employed. Out of the 49 samples examined, 41 fungal isolates were made. Aspergillus spp were the dominant group irrespective of the locality. Toxigenic Aspergillus included A. flavus Link ex Fries, A. tamarii Kita and A. ochraceus Wilhelm. P. citrinum Thom was the only toxigenicc Penicillium isolated. The role of the different types of wraps used for the fermentation, marketing and storage of the product was also determined.Item The toxicity ofDichapetalum toxicarium for Ndama cattle(Springer Science+Business Media, 1974-06-01) Van Dijk, C.