School-wide publications

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://dspace.njala.edu.sl/handle/20.500.144402/140

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Phylloplane mycoflora of pearl millet and its influence on the development of Puccinia penniseti
(Cambridge University Press, 1969-08-01) Kapooria, Ram Gopal
A cytological study of promycelia and basidiospores and the chromosome number in Uromyces fabae
(Springer Science+Business Media, 1971-05-01) Kapooria, Ram Gopal
Analysis of plants for fluoroacetic acids
(Elsevier BV, 1973) Vickery, B.
Cytological Studies of Basidiospores of Melampsora lini
(Microbiology Society, 1973-03-01) Kapooria, Ram Gopal
Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
Morphological Variability in Teliospores of Puccinia penniseti
(Microbiology Society, 1973-08-01) Kapooria, Ram Gopal
SUMMARY: Pure-line isolates of Puccinia penniseti Zimm. collected from various localities were induced to develop telia by growing infected plants of Pennisetum typhoides Stapf and Hubb. Telia developed not only normal two-celled teliospores but also occasionally one- and three-celled and rarely four- and five-celled teliospores. The shape and size of teliospores varied considerably in one-, two- and three-celled teliospores. Three morphological forms of Puccinia penniseti have been distinguished on the basis of this variability.
The Toxicity of Some Members of the Connaraceae Family
(Elsevier BV, 1974-03-01) Vickery, B.
The toxicity ofDichapetalum toxicarium for Ndama cattle
(Springer Science+Business Media, 1974-06-01) Van Dijk, C.
A spectrophotometric procedure for following the d-ribulose 5-phosphate 3-epimerase reaction in the direction of ribulose 5-phosphate formation
(Elsevier BV, 1974-12-01) Wood, T.
Reduction of alpha beta unsaturated ketones with lithium aluminium hydride—aluminium chloride.
(Elsevier BV, 1975) Williams, Hugh J.
A new selective and differential agar medium for Escherichia coli and coliform organisms
(Wiley, 1984-06-01) Wright, R. C.
W right , R.C. 1984. A new selective and differential agar medium for Escherichia coli and coliform organisms. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 56 , 381–388. An enriched lauryl sulphate‐aniline blue agar medium which is selective for Escherichia coli and coliform organisms is described. From faecal samples, the medium gave higher counts of colonies producing acid from lactose than media containing bile salts. From contaminated water and food samples, the medium gave comparable or higher counts of colonies identified as E. coli than standard media. Colonies of E. coli were more readily differentiated from those of other coliform organisms.
Determinants of Variation in Tropical Forest Primate Biomass: New Evidence from West Africa
(Wiley, 1990-02-01) Oates, John F.
To explore sources of variation in tropical forest primate biomass, and, in particular, to test the hypothesis that soil conditions are a major ultimate determinant of the biomass of colobine monkeys and other primates, we compared data on the soils, vegetation, and primate community at a site in West Africa (Tiwai Island, Sierra Leone) with information from other sites, especially two other African sites (Douala—Edea in Cameroon, and Kibale Forest in Uganda). The biomass of eight anthropoid primate species in old secondary high forest on Tiwai was estimated from data on population densities assessed by transect samples combined with data on social group densities and individual body masses. Samples of soil and tree foliage were collected at the same site, and subjected to a variety of chemical and mechanical analyses. Our estimate of anthropoid biomass at Tiwai is 1229—1529 kg/km2, including 682—889 kg/km2 of colobines. This is one of the highest primate biomasses recorded anywhere. The soils at Tiwai were found to be relatively high in sand content and low in pH, and to have low levels of mineral nutrients. Levels of condensed tannins in the mature foliage of the trees comprising a major part of the forest canopy were higher than at other sites, but the ratio of protein to fiber in this foliage was also higher than at any other site except Kibale. It is argued that a wide range of environmental factors affect primate population densities, and that nutrient—poor soils and high tannin levels in tree foliage do not necessarily produce a low primate (or colobine) biomass, as some earlier studies had suggested. Furthermore, seeds (an important food source for Tiwai colobines) are apparently a common part of the colobine dietary repertoire and are not consumed largely as a response to a scarcity of digestible foliage.
Mycological contamination of Ogiri (fermented sesame seeds) during production in Sierra Leone
(Springer Science+Business Media, 1990-05-01) Jonsyn-Ellis, Felixtina E.
'Ogiri' (fermented sesame seeds) was prepared in the laboratory and at home by selected participants. No fungal participation was observed during the normal fermentation process. However, fungal contamination was observed when improper handling techniques were employed. Out of the 49 samples examined, 41 fungal isolates were made. Aspergillus spp were the dominant group irrespective of the locality. Toxigenic Aspergillus included A. flavus Link ex Fries, A. tamarii Kita and A. ochraceus Wilhelm. P. citrinum Thom was the only toxigenicc Penicillium isolated. The role of the different types of wraps used for the fermentation, marketing and storage of the product was also determined.
Handbook of plant and crop physiology
(Elsevier BV, 1995-10-01) Sesay, Abu Dim Din
Massively multiplexed microbial identification using resequencing DNA microarrays for outbreak investigation
(SPIE, 2011-05-13) Łęski, Tomasz A.
Multiplexed microbial diagnostic assays are a promising method for detection and identification of pathogens causing syndromes characterized by nonspecific symptoms in which traditional differential diagnosis is difficult. Also such assays can play an important role in outbreak investigations and environmental screening for intentional or accidental release of biothreat agents, which requires simultaneous testing for hundreds of potential pathogens. The resequencing pathogen microarray (RPM) is an emerging technological platform, relying on a combination of massively multiplex PCR and high-density DNA microarrays for rapid detection and high-resolution identification of hundreds of infectious agents simultaneously. The RPM diagnostic system was deployed in Sierra Leone, West Africa in collaboration with Njala University and Mercy Hospital Research Laboratory located in Bo. We used the RPM-Flu microarray designed for broad-range detection of human respiratory pathogens, to investigate a suspected outbreak of avian influenza in a number of poultry farms in which significant mortality of chickens was observed. The microarray results were additionally confirmed by influenza specific real-time PCR. The results of the study excluded the possibility that the outbreak was caused by influenza, but implicated Klebsiella pneumoniae as a possible pathogen. The outcome of this feasibility study confirms that application of broad-spectrum detection platforms for outbreak investigation in low-resource locations is possible and allows for rapid discovery of the responsible agents, even in cases when different agents are suspected. This strategy enables quick and cost effective detection of low probability events such as outbreak of a rare disease or intentional release of a biothreat agent.
A synopsis of Pseudovigna (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae) including a new species, P. sulaensis, from Sierra Leone
(Springer Science+Business Media, 2011-12-01) Clark, R. P.
Cercospora leaf spot on cowpea-Sierra Leone
(CAB International Publishing, 2013-09-01) Kanteh, S. M.
The Recharge Potential of Groundwater in the Mokonde Community in Southern Sierra Leone
(Scientific Research Publishing, 2015) Mansaray, Abubakarr Sidique
Understanding the hydrologic budget is crucial in planning for community based water supply. The water budget includes rainfall intensity, groundwater recharge, interception, evapotranspiration, and surface runoff. The percentage of rain going to recharge groundwater, rivers, and lakes is very important from the standpoint of human water consumption and ecosystems service. The objective of this work is to determine the recharge potential of groundwater in the Mokonde Community, Southern Sierra Leone. The community is dependent on wells as the main source of domestic water supply. This research need was born out of the absence of available data to show the relationship between rainfall amounts and groundwater recharge in the study area. In this study we monitored groundwater in a well at the United Methodist Church (UMC) compound at Ngegba Street. Automatic water logging devices were deployed to take readings in water level fluctuations every 15 minutes. Monitoring continued throughout the hydrological year of Sierra Leone. A rain gauge was deployed at neighboring UMC Primary School, and daily rainfall records taken at 9:00 a.m. Our team members also deployed at the well on a daily basis to collect data on abstraction of water. The results revealed, through a 29-year rainfall data and the Specific Yield, that 1170 mm of rainfall (48%) was the maximum potential of rainfall that would make groundwater a convenient source of water supply in the area. This demand was higher with the recent 1-year rainfall data. Increase in settlement had likely led to reduction in pervious area, and hence more and more rainfall needed for recharge. The time it took for maximum recharge (4 weeks) was shorter than that for maximum discharge (28 - 30 weeks). Groundwater flowed southwards towards the Gbengitay stream, which drained into the Tia River. These results would inform first step in delineating the water balance in the study area. Future studies could include the quality aspect, stream/river flow, interception and evapotranspiration. These pieces of information are required to help informed decision for water security.
Stratified Sampling of Neighborhood Sections for Population Estimation: A Case Study of Bo City, Sierra Leone
(Public Library of Science, 2015-07-15) Hillson, Roger
There is a need for better estimators of population size in places that have undergone rapid growth and where collection of census data is difficult. We explored simulated estimates of urban population based on survey data from Bo, Sierra Leone, using two approaches: (1) stratified sampling from across 20 neighborhoods and (2) stratified single-stage cluster sampling of only four randomly-sampled neighborhoods. The stratification variables evaluated were (a) occupants per individual residence, (b) occupants per neighborhood, and (c) residential structures per neighborhood. For method (1), stratification variable (a) yielded the most accurate re-estimate of the current total population. Stratification variable (c), which can be estimated from aerial photography and zoning type verification, and variable (b), which could be ascertained by surveying a limited number of households, increased the accuracy of method (2). Small household-level surveys with appropriate sampling methods can yield reasonably accurate estimations of urban populations.
High prevalence of multidrug resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolated from outpatient urine samples but not the hospital environment in Bo, Sierra Leone
(BioMed Central, 2016-04-18) Łęski, Tomasz A.
BACKGROUND: The rising level of antimicrobial resistance among bacterial pathogens is one of the most significant public health problems globally. While the antibiotic resistance of clinically important bacteria is closely tracked in many developed countries, the types and levels of resistance and multidrug resistance (MDR) among pathogens currently circulating in most countries of sub-Saharan Africa are virtually unknown. METHODS: From December 2013 to April 2014, we collected 93 urine specimens from all outpatients showing symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI) and 189 fomite swabs from a small hospital in Bo, Sierra Leone. Culture on chromogenic agar combined with biochemical and DNA sequence-based assays was used to detect and identify the bacterial isolates. Their antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined using a panel of 11 antibiotics or antibiotic combinations. RESULTS: The 70 Enterobacteriaceae urine isolates were identified as Citrobacter freundii (n = 22), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 15), Enterobacter cloacae (n = 15), Escherichia coli (n = 13), Enterobacter sp./Leclercia sp. (n = 4) and Escherichia hermannii (n = 1). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing demonstrated that 85.7 % of these isolates were MDR while 64.3 % produced an extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL). The most notable observations included widespread resistance to sulphonamides (91.4 %), chloramphenicol (72.9 %), gentamycin (72.9 %), ampicillin with sulbactam (51.4 %) and ciprofloxacin (47.1 %) with C. freundii exhibiting the highest and E. coli the lowest prevalence of multidrug resistance. The environmental cultures resulted in only five Enterobacteriaceae isolates out of 189 collected with lower overall antibiotic resistance. CONCLUSIONS: The surprisingly high proportion of C. freundii found in urine of patients with suspected UTI supports earlier findings of the growing role of this pathogen in UTIs in low-resource countries. The isolates of all analyzed species showed worryingly high levels of resistance to both first- and second-line antibiotics as well as a high frequency of MDR and ESBL phenotypes, which likely resulted from the lack of consistent antibiotic stewardship policies in Sierra Leone. Analysis of hospital environmental isolates however suggested that fomites in this naturally ventilated hospital were not a major reservoir for Enterobacteriaceae or antibiotic resistance determinants.
A synoptic revision of Inversodicraea (Podostemaceae)
(National Herbarium of the Netherlands, 2017-09-14) Cheek, Martin
Six new species of Inversodicraea (I. feika from Sierra Leone, I. liberia from Liberia, and I. ebo, I. eladii, I. tchoutoi, and I. xanderi from Cameroon) are described as new to science in the context of a synoptic revision of this African genus, now comprising 30 species, including I. cussetiana comb. nov., newly transferred from Macropodiella. Inversodicraea is now equal in number of species to Ledermanniella (as redefined), as the largest genus of the family in Africa. Terete or slightly dorsiventrally flattened leaf petioles (not sheathing and/or stipulate) are newly discovered to distinguish the genus from Ledermanniella, in addition to the presence of scale-leaves. Inversodicraea boumiensis, I. annithomae, and I. bosii are redelimited in this paper. Examples of species hybrids are discussed. Eighteen species are point endemics. A key and IUCN 2012 standard conservation assessments for all species are included. 28 of the 30 species have been assessed as Threatened or Near Threatened. Hydroelectric projects are the biggest source of extinction risk to species of the genus, threatening 19 of the 30 species.