Causes and effects of drug and substance abuse among secondary school students in Bo district

Abstract

This study investigates the causes and effects of drug and substance abuse among secondary school students in Bo District, Sierra Leone. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research identifies key factors driving substance abuse, including peer pressure, inadequate parental supervision, socio-economic challenges, and substance availability. Data collected through surveys, interviews, and focus group discussions highlight that students often resort to drugs and alcohol due to curiosity, stress, and socio-economic pressures. The consequences of substance abuse are profound, impacting students' academic performance, mental health, and behavioral patterns. Findings reveal that academic decline, increased incidence of anxiety and depression, and risky behaviors such as unsafe sexual practices are significant outcomes of substance abuse. The study concludes that addressing substance abuse among students requires a comprehensive approach involving enhanced parental education, school-based interventions, socio-economic improvements, community engagement, and strengthened law enforcement. Recommendations are provided to inform policy and practice aimed at mitigating substance abuse and supporting affected students in Bo District.