Optimizing Solar Energy Utilization Through Advanced Photovoltaic Systems and Energy Storage Integration in Sierra Leone

Abstract

Sierra Leone demonstrates worthwhile solar energy resources while facing obstacles with sustainable electricity distribution because its insufficient advanced power system infrastructure and limited energy storage capabilities. This study investigates the optimization of solar energy utilization through the integration of advanced photovoltaic (PV) systems and energy storage solutions (ESS) in Sierra Leone. This research evaluates solar irradiance levels in distinct regions of Sierra Leone to identify installation locations for PV systems while assessing modern solar cell types such as monocrystalline and polycrystalline and thin-film solar cells. The study investigates different types of ESS systems starting with lithium-ion batteries and continuing with vanadium flow batteries as it evaluates their technical feasibility together with environmental implications and cost-effectiveness assessments. Computer simulation through ETAP and HOMER software assesses Freetown's power distribution networks both present-day and future iterations by showing how distributed solar PV systems improve power hosting situations and lower losses while stabilizing voltages. Documentation of macroeconomic data together with environmental impact results is used to shape policies and investment decisions. This research creates strategic guidelines to deploy PV and ESS systems which simultaneously improve energy security and support economic development while sustaining the environment so Sierra Leone can transition to renewable energy future.