Comparative Analysis of Neglected Attenuation and Negotiated Intervention Pathways to Conflict Resolution for Lasting Peace

Abstract

Lasting peace remains an elusive goal in many post-conflict societies, where high rates of conflict recurrence reveal the limits of current approaches. This study argues that sustainable peace requires the synergistic integration of two pathways: top-down negotiated intervention (e.g., peace treaties, state-building) and bottom-up conflict attenuation (e.g., local reconciliation, trust-building). However, a critical imbalance exists, with international and national actors consistently over-investing in intervention while neglecting long-term attenuation. Using Sierra Leone as a case study, this research investigates how Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) can bridge this gap. Through a mixed-methods analysis of Fourah Bay College and Njala University, it was found that HEIs are uniquely positioned to link these pathways. HEIs train professionals for state reconstruction while also convening dialogues and providing services that rebuild the social fabric. Yet, this potential is severely constrained by systemic underfunding, political interference, and short-term donor projects. Therefore, it is argued that empowering HEIs is a worthy investment in lasting peace. This requires a fundamental reorientation of peacebuilding strategy towards safeguarding university autonomy, shifting international aid to long-term capacity building, and promoting community-engaged scholarship. By leveraging HEIs to integrate top-down and bottom-up efforts, stakeholders can foster a more resilient and legitimate peace built on an educated citizenry and a restored social contract.