Assessment of Background Noise Levels in Four Commercial Areas of Freetown, Sierra Leone

Abstract

Environmental noise is a significant public health issue, particularly in rapidly urbanizing cities where commercial activities contribute to elevated noise pollution. Despite its numerous implications, few studies have focused on noise levels in commercial environments in developing countries. This study aims to fill this existing gap by assessing background noise levels in four commercial areas of Freetown, Sierra Leone: Aberdeen Market, Godrich Street, Jui Junction, and Sani Abacha Street. Using a calibrated handheld sound level meter, measurements were taken during daytime, evening, and nighttime periods over one week. Noise levels were analyzed using the day-evening-night equivalent continuous noise level (Lden) and statistical methods to assess compliance with World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Results revealed that all areas exhibit average noise levels above the WHO recommended limit of 70 dBA during daytime and evening hours, with Godrich Street and Aberdeen Market exhibiting the highest average daytime noise level (95.35 dBA) and the lowest average nighttime noise level (53.05 dBA) respectively. Godrich Street recorded the highest Lden value and shortest allowed exposure of 93.34 dBA and 1.17 hours respectively, indicating the most significant risk of prolonged exposure. Recommendations include creating designated quiet zones tailored to local commercial layouts, stricter enforcement of noise regulations, public awareness campaigns on hearing protection, and regular noise monitoring to guide urban planning. This study provides crucial insights for mitigating noise pollution and improving urban sustainability in developing nations.