Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://dspace.njala.edu.sl/handle/20.500.144402/158

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Start date: 2012End date: 2019

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Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
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    Nutritional Evaluation of Defatted Groundnut Cake meal with Amino acid as Protein Supplement in African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822) Juveniles Diet
    (2018-12-15) Olapade, Olufemi Julius
    Background and Objective: Fish feed constitute about 60% of fish production costs and this is because fishmeal (FM) which is the major protein feedstuff in fish feed is in excessive demand by other agricultural production sectors thus leading to increase in its price.Researching into alternative way of attenuating FM in fish feed production becomes necessary.Consequently, in this paper, the effect of feeding Clarias gariepinus juveniles with diets supplemented with defatted groundnut cake (DGNC), lysine (L) and methionine (M) was studied for 56 days.Materials and Methods: Fish of an initial mean body weight of 34.4±0.548g were fed the trial diets at inclusion levels of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%.The diet with 0% DGNC and 100% fishmeal served as the control.The experimental fish held in 56 L troughs were fed treatment diets in triplicate group of 20 fish per replicate at 5% body weight twice daily.Water parameters measured according to standard methods were pH, temperature, conductivity and NH 3 .Dissolved oxygen was not determined because the experiment was completely flow-through.Results: At the end of the feeding trial, fish fed with the control diet recorded the highest mean weight gain (17.33±1.53),followed by fish fed diet 2 (14.33±0.58).Protein intake and survival rate were not significantly different (p<0.05) but protein efficiency ratio was significantly different among dietary treatments.Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) was highest at diets 1, 2 and 3, respectively and were not statistically different (p<0.05).The water quality parameters monitored in the trial were within recommended range and were not affected by the supplemented diets.Conclusion: It can be concluded that, substituting FM with DGNC, L and M at 25 and 50% inclusion will not compromise growth performance and feed utilization of the fish and neither will it significantly lower the water quality of the culture environment.
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    Economic Assessment of Integrated Fish Farming (Fish-Rice-Piggery) in Sierra Leone
    (Science Publishing Group, 2015) Olapade, Olufemi Julius
    The present study evaluates the profitability and environmental effect of integrated fish cum rice and piggery production at Njala University, Sierra Leone. The research carried out between June and November, 2014 consists of the pigsty (2.5m × 11m), a maggoty and integrated pond (395.2m2) sown with 0.94kg NERICA 19 rice at spacing of 20cm inter - rows and 5cm intra - rows. The pond was stocked with Clarias gariepinus juveniles (mean weight 25.6± 1.78g) at the density of 4.8fish per m2.Water quality parameters viz., temperature, pH, Dissolved oxygen, NO3-N, NH3/NH4, hardness and alkalinity were determined in the pond and were found to be within the recommended range for the culture of tropical fish. Economic analysis of the adaptive research gave a negative incremental benefit and Net Present Value (NPV) in both the first and second year of production. The sensitivity analysis evaluation shows that the enterprise is fairly sensitive to price fluctuation (-46.02%) and highly sensitive to survival rate of the fish and the scale of production of the pigs. Increasing scale of production and selling at market price will greatly enhance profitability and short term payback of costs.
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    Growth Performance and Hematology of the African Catfish ( Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822) Juveniles Fed Graded Level of Anisophyllea Laurina R. Br. Ex. Sabine ( Monkey Plum ) Seed Meal
    (2015-04-14) Olapade, Olufemi Julius
    Anisophyllealaurina seed meal (ASM)in this study partially replacedfish meal(FM). Isonitrogenous and isocaloricdiets (40% crude protein) containing0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% ASMwere formulated. Clariasgariepinus juveniles (32.72 ± 0.32) stocked at 10 fish/50L troughs fed twice daily for 98 daysutilized effectively the formulated diets for growth.Mean weight gained (MWG) washighest at 0%and 25% butdecreased as ASM increased.Specific growth rate (SGR), Protein efficiency ratio (PER), Protein intake (PI) were significant (p<0.05) at 0% and 25% inclusion. Survival rate (%SR)was unrelated totreatment - highest at 0% and 100% (97%SR)and least at 75% (90%SR).Carcass protein, packed cell volume and haemoglobin counts were statistically the same at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% inclusion. Since C. gariepinusperform better at 25%ASM inclusion it is recommended as the level of replacement for FM in fish diets.
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    Environmental and Economic Impact of Fish cum Rice and Poultry Production Integration System
    (2015-04-14) Olapade, Olufemi Julius
    The economic viability and environmental friendliness of integrating fish with rice and poultry was evaluated in a fish pond (520m 2 ); a paddy platform (8 x 25m 2 ) sown with 1.00kg NERICA 19; a poultry house (3.5 x 11m in dimension) and a maggoty. Integrated pond was stocked at 1.923 fish per m 2 (25g mean weight) while 400 day-old broilers were housed. Water quality parameters determined were within recommended range for the culture of tropical fish species and statistically non-significant (p < 0.05). The synergy gave positive Net Present Value NPV of Le 18,520,661.51 (US\$4,161.95) in the third year; a benefit-cost ratio of 1.23 and two year payback. Sensitivity calculated was 23.6% an indication of the sensitivity of the investment to survival rate. Integrating fish with rice and poultry is environment friendly, and economically viable with potential to create employment, augment income and improve the living standard of sub Saharan poor population.
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    Anthropogenic pollution impact on physico-chemical characteristics of Lake Kivu, Rwanda
    (African Scholarly Science Communications Trust, 2012-08-03) Olapade, Olufemi Julius
    Anthropogenic activities such as industrial effluent, domestic and agricultural waste disposal constitute major sources of pollution in water. The effects of these pollutants on the physico- chemical properties of Lake Kivu, Rwanda were investigated at three locations (Gisenyi, Kibuye and Cyangugu) between February 2005 and December 2006. Water samples used for physico- chemical analysis were collected from 12 stratified points on the lake. Samples collected were analysed and interpreted using appropriate international procedures. The physico -chemical properties measured were temperature, conductivity, pH, transparency, salinity, total alkalinity, dissolved organic matter (DOM), total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), nitrate – nitrogen, phosphate – phosphorus and sulphate. Mean water temperature measured (24.7 + 0.58 o C) was highest in Kibuye and lowest (24.5 + 0.31 o C) in Cyan gugu. The lake water was moderately hard with mean total alkalinity values of 88.1 ± 1.63mgL -1 ; 79.7 ± 2.36mgL -1 and 81.0 ± 2.46mg L -1 recorded in Gisenyi, Kibuye and Cyangugu respectively; salty and alkaline with mean pH values of 8.87 ± 0.07 in Gisenyi; 8.86 ± 0.06 in Kibuye and 8.91 ± 0.06 in Cyangugu. Total dissolved solids (TDS) level in the lake was above the 500mg L -1 prescribed by WHO while the mean biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) reading was within the range for unpolluted or moderately polluted lake. Water from the lake showed mineralization with mean conductivity values ranging from 1058 - 1184μS cm -1 in Gisenyi; 1058 - 1147μS cm -1 in Kibuye and 1031 - 1116μS cm -1 in Cyangugu. The mean dissolved oxygen values were below the 5mgl -1 limit recommended by WHO for fresh water fish species. SO 4- -2 and NO 3 – N concentration in the lake water does not constitute any serious health risk to both man and the aquatic organisms it supports. However, there is the need to constantly monitor the lake water to mitigate any build up of the ions to a hazardous level.
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    The length-weight relationship, condition factor and reproductive biology of Pseudotolithus (p) senegalensis (valenciennes, 1833) (croakers), in Tombo western rural district of Sierra Leone
    (African Scholarly Science Communications Trust, 2014-11-19) Olapade, JO
    The length – weight relationship (LWR), condition factor (K), sex ratio, gonadosomatic index (G S I) and hepatosomatic index (H S I) of 412 specimens of Pseudotolithu s s enegalensis (Valenciennes, 1833) from Tombo , a coastal fishing community in the western rural district of Sierra Leone were studied for twelve months . Samples used for the study were collected from the catches of artisanal fishers and measurement s of length and weight of samples were done in situ using the facilities of the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources. Samples for the reproductive study were preserved in an ice box and taken to the laboratory of the Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, Njala University , Sierra Leone for analysis. The parameters "a" and "b" of the length - weight relationship were estimated using the equation described by Ricker ( W = aL b ) while the condition factor was calculated using Fulton\`s equation (K = W1 00 / L 3 ) . The reproductive biology of the fish was estimated using Gonadosomatic index ( GSI ) and Hepatosomatic index ( H S I ) . The combined LWR for both sexes showed that a, b and r values were – 2.57 , 3. 3 5 and 0. 899 , respectively. The r – values obtained show a strong linear relationship between the length and weight of the species. The length - weight relationship indicated allometric growth for P . senegalensis in the study area. The condition factor (K) varied from 0.64 – 1.0 ; this may be attributed to environmental conditions of the water . The species clearly exhibited a positive allometric growth pattern ( tα ( 2) , 0.05, 411 > 1.965) . The sex ratio of males to females was 1:1. 15 and was not significantly different from the expected 1:1 ratio. Estimation of GSI and HSI was carried out from December, 2010 to May, 2011 to determine the spawning behaviour of P. senegalensis . The mean GSI obtained indicate d that March and April , respectively are the two peak spawning period for the species . Gonado somatic index ranged between 1.1 % and 2.8% for the females. The results of this study revealed that P. senegalensis doe s not have obligatory spawning month but exhibit multiple spawning behaviour. T he length - w eight relationships and condition factor of the study indicated that the fish were thriving very well in the coastal water of Sierra Leone. Sustainable management of the species , therefore , require s that the environment be protected against anthropogenic pollution and imposition of closed fishing season especially during the t wo peak spawning period is recommended to enable the species recruit effectively.
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    Effect of Feeding Rate on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, and Blood-Chemistry Indicators of Nutritional Status in Juvenile Gift Strain Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus L.)
    (2015) Kpundeh, Mathew Didlyn
    This study investigated the effect of feeding rates (2-10% of body weight), on the growth performance, feed utilization, and blood-chemistry indicators of nutritional status in juvenile GIFT strain tilapia, (Oreochromis niloticus) initial weight 72.73±0.15g. The 56 day trial conducted in cages tested five groups, with three replicates each. Fish were fed twice a day. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA. Results showed that final body weight, food conversion rate (FCR), weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), protein retention efficiency (PRE), protein efficiency ratio (PER), feed intake, and condition factor (CF) were significantly affected by the feeding rates (P 0.05). Serum indicative parameters of liver-enzyme functions and food metabolism, including blood glucose (GLU), triglyceride (TG), total protein (TP) levels, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme activities were assayed. Blood glucose level of the fish was significantly affected by the feeding rates (P 0.05). Feed provided at a rate of 2%-10% of body weight may meet physiological wellbeing of GIFT strain tilapia, however growth performance and other endocrine functions (IGF-I) are affected by lower and higher feeding rates. Our findings could be very useful to tilapia farmers.
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    Women involvement in the fishery activities of two coastal communities in Sierra Leone
    (Academic Journals, 2019-01-31) Olufemi, J. Olapade
    Women make up an important part of the fishing sector and play critical roles, particularly, in small-scale fisheries and increasingly in capture fishing and other activities. However, the roles of women are often undervalued due to the lack of attention to gender roles in fisheries, especially in Africa. This research was therefore motivated to investigate the roles of women in two coastal communities of Sierra Leone. Structured questionnaires were administered to 200 randomly selected women involved in fisheries activities in Goderich and Tombo (the two largest fish landing communities in Sierra Leone). Results obtained showed that married women between ages between 20 – 50 years were more actively involved in fisheries activities in Goderich and Tombo. Findings of the study showed that 100% of the women were involved in the processing and marketing of fish and fish related products. Most of the respondents affirmed that the fisheries have increased their income, while others said that it reduced their expenditure on food supply and other household needs. Profits made according to 60% of the respondents ranged from Le 400,000 to Le 500,000 (\$52.3 – \$65.4), while 40% make close to Le 600,000 (\$78.4) on monthly basis. Woods for fish smoking in Goderich and Tombo were mangrove (93.6%) and forest woods (6.40%.). Constraints identified by the respondents in the two communities were poor state of the landing sites and poor fish handling, inadequate cold room and smoking kilns, poor access to credit, high labour and processing inputs cost, high illiteracy and poor toilet facilities. The low level of respondents\` education prevents women from taking part in decision-making that affects their livelihood in the communities. Key words: Coastal communities, Goderich, Tombo, women, fishery activities, livelihood, constraints and Sierra Leone.