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    Inland valley swamp rice development: Malaria, schistosomiasis, onchocerciasis in South Central Sierra Leone
    (Elsevier BV, 1994-03-01) Gbakima, A A
    The prevalence of malaria, schistosomiasis and onchocerciasis was determined in 1,106 residents of five villages in the Moyamba District, Southern Sierra Leone, to determine whether inland valley swamp (IVS) development was associated with changes in the prevalence of malaria, schistosomiasis and onchocerciasis in these villages. These parasitic diseases were studied in four villages receiving IVS, Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) assistance and in one village not receiving FAO assistance. Malaria was the most prevalent infection, detected in 42.6% of the persons examined, followed by O. volvulus (17.7%), S. haematobium (0.6%) and S. mansoni (0.3%). Plasmodium falciparum accounted for 90.4% of the malaria infections, followed by P. malaria (2.1%), P. ovale (0.5%), and mixed infections (7.0%). The trend of infection to O. volvulus increased significantly with an increase in age. S. haematobium (0.6%) and S. mansoni (0.3%) infections were low and no Biomphalaria pfeifferi and Bulinus globosus were found in 33 IVS development swamps examined. These data indicate that IVS development is associated with an increase in the prevalence of malaria infection, but not in the prevalence of O. volvulus, S. haematobium and S. mansoni.
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    PO 8584 MULTIPLEXED MOLECULAR DETECTION OF MALARIA IN SIERRA LEONE
    (BMJ, 2019-04-01) Ansumana, Rashid
    Background Despite several control measures and policy changes in Africa, malaria remains one of the most prevalent diseases in West Africa. The gold standard for malaria diagnosis is microscopy. However, due to low technical capacities in resource-poor countries, rapid immunochromatographic tests are commonly used. In Sierra Leone, P. falciparum-specific ICT with histidine-rich proteins2(HRP-2) are used. HRP2 is specific to P. falciparum and the kit cannot be used to detect other species of malaria which are also present in the disease ecology in Sierra Leone. Methods In this study, we assessed 182 febrile subjects for malaria between April 2017-July 2018 at the Mercy Hospital Research Laboratory in Sierra Leone. The blood samples collected were assessed using the Walter Reed Army Institute for Research(WRAIR) multiplex malaria PCR kit packaged by BioGX, Inc. (Alabama, USA) for detecting and speciation of malaria from human blood. Thin and thick slides were done for each sample and the images recorded by a digital scope. Results Results show that, out of 163 samples run by multiplex PCR for malaria, 81 (49.7%) were positive for P. falciparum, while 82 (50.3%) were positive for Plasmodium vivax. Conclusion The presence of P. vivax in the disease ecology without any significant difference (p>0.05) with P. falciparum poses problems for clinical outcomes of febrile illnesses. Pan-malaria diagnostics in combination with P. falciparum could avert under-diagnosis of malaria.
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