Browsing by Author "Moiwo, Juana Paul"

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Effects of Unloading Groundwater on Aquifer Sorage and Water Availability
(Book Publisher International (a part of SCIENCEDOMAIN International), 2021-12-11) Moiwo, Juana Paul
It is long known that excessive groundwater withdrawal can cause land subsidence \[1\]. There is progressively excessive water resources exploitation in northern China, spurred by decades of aggressive food self-sufficiency drive \[2\]. In this agro-politically sensitive region, large areas of groundwater depletion cone and land subsidence are associated with an unprecedented water resources mining \[3\]. However, studies on water storage depletion and/or land subsidence in the region are largely statistical and fragmented in nature \[3,4\]. Here in this study, crustal unloading-controlled land deformation is estimated from anomaly trends in GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) and InSAR (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) satellite observations, GLDAS (Global Land Data Assimilation System) model products and measured groundwater depth data. Estimated land subsidence for the 2002-2009 study period is 17.7\\(\\pm\\)4.7 cm, which, given the average specific yield of 0.13, is the equivalent of 13.6±0.3 mm in groundwater storage loss or 104.6 mm of aquifer depletion. For the 843 000 km2 study area, annual storage depletion is estimated at 63.8±9.3 mm (53.8±7.8 km3) for total water storage, 58.3±5.3 mm (49.6±4.5 km3) for groundwater storage and 3.4±0.6 mm (2.8±0.5 km3) for soil water storage. The estimated total water storage depletion exceeds the projected 45 km3 annual water delivery by the South-North Water Diversion Project in 2050. Water storage depletion in combination with especially land subsidence in the region can have adverse implications for agricultural, industrial, socio-economic and political stability in the country. It is critical for the farmers and other stakeholders to embark on meaningful water-saving measures. Such measures should also be backed up with the tapping of alternative water sources (as the South-North Water Diversion Project) to supplement local water resources. Measures of this nature not only prevent further pumping-related issues and disruptions in food production, supply and security, but also ensure stable socio-economic growth.
Implications of Groundwater Depletion for Aquifer Geomatrix Deformation and Water Availability
(Science Publishing Group, 2016) Moiwo, Juana Paul
Worsening water storage depletion contributes to environmental degradation, land subsidence and earthquake or even disrupts food production/security and social stability. There is also the need for efficient water use strategies in populated regions, especially when such regions also have intensive agricultural and industrial activities. The North China Plain (NCP) is one such region which is not only the seat of power, but also a major agricultural and industrial with a severe water storage depletion. Thus this study integrates satellite, model and field data products to investigate water storage depletion and land subsidence in the Beijing Environs of NCP. In the first step, GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) mass rates are analyzed for water storage depletion in the region. Next, GRACE total water storage (TWS) is corrected for soil moisture storage (SMS) to derive groundwater storage (GWS) using GLDAS (Global Land Data Assimilation System) data products. The derived GWS is compared with GWS obtained from field-measured groundwater level to show water storage depletion in the study area. Then GPS (Global Positioning System) data of relative land surface change are used to show land subsidence due to water storage depletion. A total of \~96 near-consecutive months (Jan. 2002 through Dec. 2009) of datasets are used in the study. Based on GRACE mass rates, TWS depletion is 36.54±1.74 mm yr-1 or 6.34±0.29 km3 yr-1 for the 169 000 km2 study area. Analysis of relative land surface change shows the occurrence of land subsidence at 7.29±0.35 mm yr-1 in the Beijing Environ of NCP. About 7.50% (2.74±0.18 mm yr-1 or 0.46±0.03 km3 yr-1) of the depletion in TWS and 5.25% (1.52±0.07 mm yr-1 or 0.26±0.01 km3 yr-1) of that in GWS are attributed to storage reductions due to the land subsidence. Storage loss in the region justifies the current south-north water transfer efforts in the region. The concurrence of water storage depletion and land subsidence could have adverse implications for the hydrology, ecology, food security and social stability of the region. It is important to devise efficient measures to avert the negative effects of water storage depletion in the study area.
Potential for Sustainable Irrigation towards Food Self-Sufficiency in Sierra Leone
(Book Publisher International (a part of SCIENCEDOMAIN International), 2022-01-25) Moiwo, Juana Paul
The world population has been growing since creation and what was not a concern has now become a harsh challenging issue of our time — food production, security and self-sufficiency. With land being available and weather conducive, the next most critical requirement for crop production is water. Although two-thirds of the earth’s surface is covered with water, some 70% of it is not readily usable, especially for crop production. Rainwater, surface water and groundwater are the three most common sources of water used in crop cultivation. While any of these can be scarce in most parts of the world, all the three sources of water are abundant in Sierra Leone. But availability is only one side of resource development. The other vey important side of resource development is efficiently harnessing an available resource to adequately serve an intended purpose. Over 40% of food production in the world today is done on the 17% arable land that is irrigated. This shows the potential for food production, food security and food self-sufficiency under irrigated agriculture. In spite of this compelling indicator, only 0.6% of the arable land (74% of the land area of Sierra Leone) is irrigated. The objective of this study was to assess the potential for food security and food self-sufficiency in Sierra Leone. Given the current land productivity, the study showed that only 31% of the available water resources was needed to irrigate only 19% of the arable land to attain food self-sufficiency in Sierra Leone. In fat, investment in water resources and arable land for nation-wide irrigation can ensure food crop production sufficient to support export. This can ease the pressure on the nation to build the needed forex to support import businesses.
Redesigning Inland Valley Swamp Development for Enhanced Hillslope Nutrient Synergy in Resource-Constrained Tropical Environments
(2025-11-10) Moiwo, Juana Paul
Annals of Reviews & Research open access journal that publishes high-quality solicited and unsolicited articles, from various types of subject areas ranging from management to engineering sciences, accounting, criminal sciences, etc. which deal with innovative research work.
Sustainability of Water Resources and Agricultural Production in Semi-arid Regions
(Book Publisher International (a part of SCIENCEDOMAIN International), 2022-08-01) Moiwo, Juana Paul
Human activity is the leading driver of geomorphological changes on the surface of the planet earth. One of the ways this has happened is through an unprecedented demand for water due to population growth, industrialization, urbanization and agricultural production. The current mode of agricultural activity has a significant influence on hydrological processes in especially arid and semiarid ecosystems. This has put a huge stress on water resources and the dependent ecosystems and biodiversity. With 20% of the world population and only 6% of global surface freshwater resources, China draws heavily on groundwater for its freshwater needs. In the semiarid North China Plain (NCP), agriculture accounts for some 70% of total water use. Over 80% of this water is pumped from the aquifers beneath the plain. The intensive groundwater exploitation has become a worrying concern for sustainable agricultural production that will avert water crisis in the plain region. The research task of this study was to analyze water storage dynamics and the related impacts on crustal matrix in North China Plain. The study used data products from GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment), GLDAS (Global Land Data Assimilation System), field-measured groundwater level and GPS (Global Positioning System) to analyze for water storage depletion and land subsidence in the region. The study showed that average water storage depletion in the region was 23.76±1.74 mm/yr, which is the equivalent of 3.26±0.24 km3/yr of the 137,000 km2 study area. This is 7.23±0.53% of the slated 45 km3/yr water delivery in the region in 2050 through the South-North Water Diversion Project. The cumulative water storage depletion for the investigated 8-year period (2002-2009) was 26.04±1.91 km3, which is 57.87±4.24% of the slated water delivery in 2050. About 79.25% (18.83±1.38 mm/yr; 2.58±0.19 km3/yr) of the water storage depletion was from groundwater storage and 20.75% (4.93±0.36 mm/yr; 0.68±0.05 km3/yr) from soil moisture storage. Analysis of GPS data of relative land surface change for 2002-2009 suggested the occurrence of land subsidence which was on the order of 7.29±0.35 mm/yr in the vertical component of IGS08 station in Beijing. The adjusted land subsidence for the entire North China Plain study area was estimated at 2.74±0.16 mm/yr. Assuming that the subsidence was all drainable water, the subsidence-driven aquifer material compaction caused an additional 0.12±0.01 km3/yr water storage loss in the 16,000 km2 Beijing zone and 0.38±0.02 km3/yr in the 137,000 km2 North China Plain study area. Also, the estimated water storage loss (0.38±0.02 km3) due to land subsidence was \~12% of the GRACE-estimated total water storage depletion (3.26±0.24 km3/yr) in the study area. After adjustment for subsidence-induced storage loss, storage depletion in the study area was estimated at 21.02±1.58 mm/yr (2.88±0.22 km3/yr) in total water storage, 16.66±1.25 mm/yr (2.28±0.17 km3/yr) in groundwater storage and 4.36±0.33 mm/yr (0.60±0.05 km3/yr) in soil moisture storage. Water storage depletion in conjunction with land subsidence could be a disastrous concurrence with adverse implications for the ecosystem, biodiversity, food security, social stability and the livelihood of millions of people in the region and beyond. Because the long-term benefits of efficient and sustainable water use far outweigh the short-term benefits of the current water exploitation mode, it is critical for all relevant stakeholders — including water users (e.g., producer farmers), water service providers (e.g., contracted companies) and water policy makers (e.g., governments) — to embark on measures that ensure efficient and sustainable water use in the study area. Identification of viable alternative water sources (like the South-North Water Diversion Project) could limit water storage depletion and its related aftereffects like subsidence in the region. Also, strategies such as managed aquifer recharge, increased water use efficiency, brackish water use, inter-basin/regional water transfers and various combinations of such strategies could enhance groundwater storage in the study area.
The Corrosive Core and Destructive Power of Negative Energy in Institutional Management
(2026-04-22) Moiwo, Juana Paul
This article presents an empirical investigation into the destructive power of “negative energy” within public sector organizations, conceptualized as a pervasive climate of chronic stress, emotional exhaustion, cynicism, interpersonal hostility, and counterproductive work behavior that erode institutional vitality. Moving beyond anecdotal evidence, we synthesize constructs from public administration, occupational health psychology, social exchange theory, and complexity theory to frame negative energy as a systemic contagion. A sequential mixed-methods design was used to analyze the antecedents, manifestations, and systemic consequences of negative energy. The first phase involved a large-scale survey (n = 1,247) of public servants across three tiers of government, measuring perceived negative energy, its hypothesized antecedents (e.g., toxic leadership, unjust HR practices, role ambiguity), and its outcomes (e.g., burnout, turnover intent, reduced public service motivation, organizational deviance). The second phase comprised 47 in-depth interviews and 12 focus group discussions to explore lived experiences and mechanisms of contagion. Quantitative results confirmed a robust model where poor leadership and perceived organizational injustice were the primary drivers of negative energy (β = 0.42 and 0.38, p < 0.001), which in turn mediated significant declines in employee well-being and performance. Qualitative analysis suggested core manifestations, including corrosive communication, “presenteeism of disengagement”, and normalization of incivility; creating self-reinforcing feedback loops. The discussion posits that negative energy functions as an institutional pathogen, undermining the core tenets of public service (trust, equity, and stewardship) and crippling adaptive capacity. We concluded that mitigating this destructive force requires a paradigm shift in human resources management in public space, moving from traditional compliance to fostering psychosocial sustainability. We further offered evidence-based recommendations for leadership development, procedural justice interventions, and systemic climate monitoring.
Training Manual on Vegetable and Rice Cultivation Through Climate-Smart Agriculture Practices
(2026) Moiwo, Juana Paul
This training manual on the cultivation of vegetables and rice through Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) practices is specifi cally developed for the largely illiterate farmers in Sierra Leone.However, it is equally very useful for literate farmers and farm resource and service providers.It is organized in modules, and each module is a stand-alone guide in a specifi c area of CSA.Even so, the modules throughout the manual are reinforcingly inter-connected.This builds the needed fl exibility into the manual for use both as a personal reading material and as a training tool.The general layout is structured such that each module is complete with background information fi tted to the concept and process of climate change.Here, the main causes of climate change are discussed.This is followed by a discussion on climate change reduction measures.All of this is put into crop-specifi c context to guide the farmers to see very clearly the underlying causes and mitigation measures of climate change.In this case, specifi c vegetables such as onion, hot pepper, and Irish potato are emphasized.Also, rice cultivation and specifi cally Inland Valley Swamp (IVS) rice is prioritized.A broad mode of presenting the content was the preferred choice because of its appeal to various calibers of readers.This was covered as infographics, pictorial presentations, bullet points, and short notes.This mix of context-building is the singular strength of this training manual.Each module also has a pre-session evaluation designed to know who the trainees are in terms of background knowledge in climate change and CSA.This is deliberately put into the model to help the trainer know what the trainees know about the specifi c issues covered under that module.There is also a post-session evaluation that tells the trainer exactly what the trainees have learned in a completed training session.This informs the trainer on the decision to redo some parts of the module, all of the module, or to move on to the next module.It is hoped that the picking apart and joining together done in this manual can yield the desired effect where the trainers, the trainees, and the general readership fi nd the knowledge sought about the causes of and solutions to climate change in relation to rice and vegetable crop cultivation.
Untying the Agronomic Paradox of Weeding Yield Loss under Tropical Dew-fall Conditions
(2026-03-31) Moiwo, Juana Paul
The foundational paradigm of weed science established through decades of agronomic research posits that weeds act as direct competitors to crops for essential resources, invariably causing significant yield suppression. This principle is particularly emphasized for groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), a vital legume for global food security, due to its slow initial growth. However, this universally accepted doctrine is challenged by emerging observations from specific agro-ecological niches characterized by pronounced tropical dew-fall, where unweeded groundnut plots have been observed to outperform the weeded counterparts. A field experiment was conducted using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications to investigate this anomaly. Treatments consisted of a weeded control (W), manually weeded at 45 Days After Planting (DAP), and an unweeded treatment (UW). The results clearly validated the yield anomaly. The unweeded treatment demonstrated 44.9% higher final dry pod yield (150.41 g/plot) compared to the weeded control (103.84 g/plot), translating to 30.96% yield loss attributable to weeding. Unweeded plots also produced 21.5% more pods per plant and 31.7% higher fresh plant biomass. Early growth stages showed no competitive suppression. These findings robustly confirmed that the net effect of weed community in this environment was profoundly facilitative. The results were interpreted as strong evidence for a proposed mechanism where weed understorey enhanced dew capture and retention, and the groundnut crop utilized this supplementary moisture via foliar water uptake. That led to improved water status and photosynthetic efficiency that overwhelmingly offset the costs of below-ground competition. It was concluded that the universal agronomic paradigm that mandates routine weeding for groundnut was not applicable in tropical dew-fall environments and a paradigm shift therefore recommended towards context-specific management that leverages beneficial ecological interactions.